NHTSA FEDERAL EVIDENCE AUDITAudited: 2026-08-24

2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee Common Problems & Defect Telemetry

Authoritative defect intelligence synthesized from 1353 verified NHTSA owner complaints, 10 federal safety recalls, and interquartile failure mileage telemetry.

Data Grade: HIGH91 Odometer Verified EntriesMethodology
Executive AI Defect Summary

The 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee receives a 2.8/10 MazicBay Reliability Index based on 1353 verified NHTSA federal complaints and 10 safety recalls. The primary reported failure mode is Transmission Hesitation, Hard Shifting & Slipping Reports with a median failure point at 49,000 miles (IQR: 13,62562,000 mi). Out-of-warranty repairs benchmark at $1,400 – $3,800 .

Jeep Grand Cherokee PlatformJeep Grand Cherokee Series
DLC Port: Under driver side dashboard above foot pedals

*Representative vehicle platform imagery. Body styling varies across generations.

MazicBay Reliability Index
2.8 / 10

56.4 complaints / 10k sold

NHTSA Owner Complaints
1,353

Verified US federal records

Safety Severity Grade
Critical Risk

Crash, fire & stall audit

Federal Safety Recalls
10

10 Active / Free Remedies

Switch Grand Cherokee Model Year (2014–2025)
Defect Clustering

Top Reported Problem Clusters (7)

Ranked by NHTSA Complaint Frequency
#1 TRANSMISSION & DRIVETRAINCritical Severity86% Match Confidence

Transmission Hesitation, Hard Shifting & Slipping Reports

451
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):49,000 milesIQR: 13,62562,000 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$1,400 – $3,800 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Under Investigation / Recall AuditNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • Hard gear shifts / delayed engagement into Drive/Reverse
  • Transmission shudder / jerking under acceleration
  • Transmission slipping between gears
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11753169 • Filed: 07/27/2026

My car started jumping after purchssing it in November 2025 used. The gear would feel like it was slipping. In March 2026 I parked my car turned it off let off the brake and it rolled. I have used the emergency brake since then. The gas gauge is off. The miles and gauge do not...

ODI #11746547 • Filed: 06/25/2026

System Failed: Total engine failure caused by a defective Recall W79 EGR Cooler, which is available for physical inspection at my residence.Safety Risk: The vehicle suffered a sudden, complete loss of motive power at speed. This caused an immediate traffic hazard, risking a ca...

ODI #11745161 • Filed: 06/18/2026

No check engine lights prior to this, car started to make a noise pulled over to check it out as I was merging over low oil pressure showed and coolant level over temperature, gear then dropped to neutral, managed to pull over without any accidents car then shut off, oil leake...

#2 ENGINE & COOLINGCritical Severity81% Match Confidence

Engine Stalling, Oil Consumption & Cooling Defect Reports

346
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):56,500 milesIQR: 30,75065,375 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$950 – $3,200 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Under Investigation / Recall AuditNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • Engine sudden stall / hesitation while driving
  • Abnormal oil burning / consumption
  • Check Engine Light (MIL) flashing
  • Engine overheating / coolant loss
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11753169 • Filed: 07/27/2026

My car started jumping after purchssing it in November 2025 used. The gear would feel like it was slipping. In March 2026 I parked my car turned it off let off the brake and it rolled. I have used the emergency brake since then. The gas gauge is off. The miles and gauge do not...

ODI #11746362 • Filed: 06/25/2026

Capless fuel filler nozzle defect. Filler cap comes lose and engine light comes on. You can smell gas vapors in the car

ODI #11746547 • Filed: 06/25/2026

System Failed: Total engine failure caused by a defective Recall W79 EGR Cooler, which is available for physical inspection at my residence.Safety Risk: The vehicle suffered a sudden, complete loss of motive power at speed. This caused an immediate traffic hazard, risking a ca...

#3 AIRBAGS & SAFETY RESTRAINTSCritical Severity76% Match Confidence

Airbag Occupant Detection & Inflator Defect Reports

233
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):36,000 milesIQR: 10,50061,350 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$400 – $1,200 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Under Investigation / Recall AuditNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • SRS Airbag warning lamp illuminated
  • Passenger occupant classification sensor failure
  • Seat belt retractor lockup
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11757682 • Filed: 08/18/2026

While driving home from the gym with my daughter in the front passenger seat, we were traveling less than 40 mph under normal driving conditions. Without warning, I heard a very loud pop/bang from inside the vehicle. We had not been in a collision, had not hit anything, and no...

ODI #11757684 • Filed: 08/18/2026

The contact owns a 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The contact stated that while driving approximately 25 MPH to a park with her children inside the vehicle, the head restraint suddenly exploded without warning or impact. The head restraint was protruding approximately three to four...

ODI #11753700 • Filed: 07/30/2026

The Jeep case involves a 2015 Grand Cherokee Overland with both front seat belts requiring replacement under Jeep's 15-year seat belt warranty extension. One seat belt is completely inoperable and the other is compromised. Despite opening Jeep Case #96537928 in May 2026, Jeep ...

#4 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM & BATTERYCritical Severity86% Match Confidence

Electrical Parasitic Drain, Infotainment & Harness Reports

172
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):16,000 milesIQR: 10,00060,000 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$280 – $850 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Under Investigation / Recall AuditNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • Unexplained battery drain after sitting overnight
  • Infotainment display / instrument cluster blackouts
  • Accessory malfunction / alternator fault warnings
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11755584 • Filed: 08/08/2026

This car has broke down on me 3xs bc of the faulty pump relay. At the car wash with my children, at work, and home this vehicle has left me stranded. Now up to $1600 in repairs all while my car is broke down AGAIN for the 3rd time

ODI #11753169 • Filed: 07/27/2026

My car started jumping after purchssing it in November 2025 used. The gear would feel like it was slipping. In March 2026 I parked my car turned it off let off the brake and it rolled. I have used the emergency brake since then. The gas gauge is off. The miles and gauge do not...

ODI #11718778 • Filed: 02/18/2026

The contact owns a 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The contact stated the infotainment system turned off intermittently while driving, and occasionally failed to turn off when the vehicle was turned off. The dealer was contacted and informed that the VIN was not under recall. The ve...

#5 BRAKING SYSTEM & ABSCritical Severity70% Match Confidence

Service Brakes, ABS Actuator & Master Cylinder Reports

152
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):33,000 milesIQR: 6,00062,000 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$350 – $1,100 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Under Investigation / Recall AuditNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • Spongy or hard brake pedal travel
  • ABS / Brake warning light illuminated
  • Extended stopping distance / pedal vibration
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11753169 • Filed: 07/27/2026

My car started jumping after purchssing it in November 2025 used. The gear would feel like it was slipping. In March 2026 I parked my car turned it off let off the brake and it rolled. I have used the emergency brake since then. The gas gauge is off. The miles and gauge do not...

ODI #11733268 • Filed: 04/23/2026

Sudden unintended acceleration while braking. Engine revved against brake input. Has happened multiple times. Need to step on the brake hard and wait for it to pass.

ODI #11707593 • Filed: 12/29/2025

While driving my vehicle on the highway, the steering wheel locked up and it put itself into neutral. The abs system notification and another light was active and my jeep stated my vehicle was going too fast for the gear it was in. The abs breaking system bypassed the nss safe...

#6 STEERING & SUSPENSIONCritical Severity72% Match Confidence

Electric Power Steering Assist & Suspension Noise Reports

139
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):39,000 milesIQR: 23,50053,500 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$450 – $1,400 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Under Investigation / Recall AuditNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • Sudden loss of electric power steering assist
  • Steering wheel pull or highway wander
  • Clunking / knocking noise over bumps
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11757215 • Filed: 08/15/2026

jeep was in 2 accidents, first accident downtown ..., in feb 2026, progressive claim number XXX 2nd accident jeep was involved in high speed police pursuit on march 20th 2026, ... police dept, pursued car for 30 miles, ... to ..., the car went off road by railroad tracks, heav...

ODI #11746547 • Filed: 06/25/2026

System Failed: Total engine failure caused by a defective Recall W79 EGR Cooler, which is available for physical inspection at my residence.Safety Risk: The vehicle suffered a sudden, complete loss of motive power at speed. This caused an immediate traffic hazard, risking a ca...

ODI #11712699 • Filed: 01/22/2026

I simply want to report the long delays (months) in having faulty front seat belt assembly replaced. I had to personally research this as local dealers were 'not aware'. 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee owners reporting malfunctioning or delayed front seatbelts as critical safety defe...

#7 FUEL SYSTEM & INJECTIONCritical Severity79% Match Confidence

Fuel Pump Pressure Loss & Fuel Delivery Defect Reports

74
Federal Complaints
Failure Mileage (Median):35,000 milesIQR: 27,50042,500 mi
Estimated Repair Cost:$650 – $1,250 MazicBay Repair Intelligence Model
Recall Status:Out-of-Pocket / TSB RemedyNHTSA Campaign Audit
Reported Defect Symptoms
  • Sudden loss of propulsion power at highway speeds
  • Extended engine cranking / failure to restart
  • Fuel odor near fuel tank / engine bay
Potentially Associated OBD-II Codes

Correlated via MazicBay Diagnostic Engine (not NHTSA verified fact).

Sample Verified NHTSA Evidence Records (3)
ODI #11753783 • Filed: 07/30/2026

The contact owns a 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee. The contact stated that while driving 25 MPH, the message "Low Fuel Pressure" was displayed, and the vehicle stalled in the middle of the road. The vehicle failed to restart and was pushed to the side of the road with the assistance...

ODI #11753169 • Filed: 07/27/2026

My car started jumping after purchssing it in November 2025 used. The gear would feel like it was slipping. In March 2026 I parked my car turned it off let off the brake and it rolled. I have used the emergency brake since then. The gas gauge is off. The miles and gauge do not...

ODI #11745144 • Filed: 06/18/2026Odometer: 20,000 mi

The check engine came on as I was driving to work the other morning, and when I got back in the car to head home for the night, my car wouldn't start at all. I have a failed High Pressure Fuel Pump system. I used my own OBD-II code reader, and got back code P0087. This issue i...

Safety Enforcement

Official NHTSA Safety Recalls (10)

100% Free Dealer Repair
NHTSA Campaign #20V475000Reported: 13/08/2020

ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:DIESEL

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2018 Ram 1500 and 2014-2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles equipped with 3.0L diesel engines. The crankshaft position sensor tone wheel may delaminate causing the engine to lose its ability to synchronize the fuel injector pulses and cam shaft timing, possibly resulting in an engine stall.

Safety Consequence: An engine stall can increase the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: FCA US will notify owners, and dealers will update the powertrain control module software to maintain vehicle propulsion by reading the camshaft position signal in the event that the crankshaft position signal is lost, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed on May 13, 2021. Owners may contact FCA US customer service at 1-800-853-2002. FCA US's number for this recall is W58.
NHTSA Campaign #18V332000Reported: 17/05/2018

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:WIRING

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2018 Dodge Journey, Charger and Durango, RAM 2500, 3500, 3500 Cab Chassis (more than 10,000lb), 4500 Cab Chassis and 5500 Cab Chassis, Jeep Cherokee and Grand Cherokee and Chrysler 300, 2014-2019 RAM 1500, 2015-2018 Dodge Challenger, 2015-2017 Chrysler 200, 2016-2018 RAM 3500 Cab Chassis (less than 10,000 lb), 2017-2018 Chrysler Pacifica and 2018 Jeep Wrangler vehicles. These vehicles are being recalled to address a defect that could prevent the cruise control system from disengaging. If, when using cruise control, there is a short circuit within the vehicle's wiring, the driver may not be able to shut off the cruise control either by depressing the brake pedal or manually turning the system off once it has been engaged, resulting in either the vehicle maintaining its current speed or possibly accelerating.

Safety Consequence: If the vehicle maintains its speed or accelerates despite attempts to deactivate the cruise control, there would be an increased risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the software, and perform a software flash on the engine or powertrain control module, free of charge. The recall began June 4, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Note: Owners are advised to stop using cruise control until the software update has been performed. In the event that cruise control cannot be disengaged while driving, owners should firmly and steadily apply the brakes and shift the transmission to neutral, placing the vehicle in park once it has stopped.
NHTSA Campaign #20V699000Reported: 12/11/2020

ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:EXHAUST SYSTEM:EMISSION CONTROL:GAS RECIRCULATION VALVE (EGR VALVE)

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles equipped with the 3.0L EcoDiesel engines. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler may crack and allow pre-heated vaporized coolant to enter the EGR system. This mixture may combust inside the intake manifold.

Safety Consequence: Combustion in the intake manifold can increase the risk of a fire.
Manufacturer Remedy: FCA US LLC will notify owners, and dealers will replace the EGR cooler, free of charge. Dealers will also inspect and, as necessary, replace the intake manifold. Parts are not currently available. Owners were mailed an interim notification on December 21, 2021. A second notification will be mailed when parts are available, currently expected to be around March 11, 2021. The recall began March 11, 2021. Owners may contact FCA US LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US LLC's number for this recall is W79.
NHTSA Campaign #16V168000Reported: 23/03/2016

SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:FOUNDATION COMPONENTS:DISC:CALIPER

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2015-2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango vehicles manufactured December 9, 2015, to January 14, 2016. In the affected vehicles, the left front brake caliper may crack due to being made from an incorrect material.

Safety Consequence: A cracked brake caliper may lengthen the distance needed to stop the vehicle and increase the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect the front left brake caliper and depending on its casting date, replace it, free of charge. The recall is expected to begin on May 12, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S16.
NHTSA Campaign #17E061000Reported: 19/10/2017

ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:GASOLINE:TURBO/SUPERCHARGER

Summary: Accessible Technologies, Inc. (ATI) is recalling certain ProCharger Superchargers, model numbers AB037A-100, AB037A-100P, and A037A-100B, sold for installation on 2012-2017 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT8 and SRT vehicles. The supercharger mounting bracket may contact and damage the ABS line, possibly resulting in a brake fluid leak.

Safety Consequence: A brake fluid leak may lengthen the distance needed to stop the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: ATI will notify owners and will replace the supercharger brackets, free of charge. The recall began on December 12, 2017. Owners may contact ATI customer service at 1-913-338-2886.
NHTSA Campaign #15V461000Reported: 23/07/2015

EQUIPMENT:ELECTRICAL:RADIO/TAPE DECK/CD ETC.

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Ram 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500, 2015 Chrysler 200, Chrysler 300, Dodge Charger, and Dodge Challenger, 2014-2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee, Cherokee, and Dodge Durango, and 2013-2015 Dodge Viper vehicles. The affected vehicles are equipped with radios that have software vulnerabilities that can allow third-party access to certain networked vehicle control systems.

Safety Consequence: Exploitation of the software vulnerability may result in unauthorized remote modification and control of certain vehicle systems, increasing the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: Chrysler will notify and mail affected owners a USB drive that includes a software update that eliminates the vulnerability, free of charge. Optionally, owners may download the update to their own USB drive from http://www.driveuconnect.com/software-update/ or take their vehicle to a Chrysler dealer for immediate installation. In an effort to mitigate the effects of this security vulnerability, Chrysler has had the wireless service provider close the open cellular connection to the vehicle that provided unauthorized access to the vehicle network. This measure may not have been implemented on all vehicles and does not address access by other means that will be remedied by the software update. The recall began on August 25, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R40.
NHTSA Campaign #16V240000Reported: 25/04/2016

POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:CONTROL MODULE (TCM/PCM/TECM)

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2012-2014 Dodge Charger and Chrysler 300 vehicles manufactured February 15, 2011, to November 27, 2014, and 2014-2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles manufactured July 16, 2012, to December 22, 2015. The affected vehicles, equipped with an eight-speed automatic transmission and a monostable gear selector, may not adequately warn the driver when driver's door is opened and the vehicle is not in PARK, allowing them to exit the vehicle while the vehicle is still in gear.

Safety Consequence: Drivers thinking that their vehicle's transmission is in the PARK position may be struck by the vehicle and injured if they attempt to get out of the vehicle while the engine is running and the parking brake is not engaged.
Manufacturer Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software to mitigate the risk of vehicle rollaway, free of charge. The recall began on June 24, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S27. Note: On October 19, 2016 Chrysler identified some previously repaired vehicles did not receive the complete software updates. Chrysler will renotify the affected owners, and dealers will update the software again.
NHTSA Campaign #15V469000Reported: 27/07/2015

SUSPENSION:REAR

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango vehicles manufactured June 12, 2015, to June 20, 2015. The affected vehicles may be equipped with rear lower control arms that may have been incorrectly heat treated. This may cause the rear lower control arm to fracture.

Safety Consequence: If the rear lower control arm fractures it may result in a change in ride height, loss of rear end stability, and reduced braking capabilities, increasing the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect and if necessary replace the lower control arms, free of charge. The recall began July 29, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R38. Note: This supersedes Recall No. 15V-407.
NHTSA Campaign #22V406000Reported: 09/06/2022

FUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL:DELIVERY:FUEL PUMP

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee, and 2014-2019 Ram 1500 vehicles equipped with 3.0L diesel engines. A high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) failure may introduce internal debris into the fuel system, potentially resulting in fuel starvation.

Safety Consequence: Fuel starvation may result in an unexpected loss of drive power, increasing the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: Dealers will replace the HPFP, and inspect and replace, if necessary, additional fuel system components, free of charge. Interim notification letters informing owners of the safety risk were mailed July 21, 2022. Owner notification letters for were mailed for Jeep Grand Cherokee owners starting January 11, 2024. Owner notification letters for Ram 1500 owners were mailed March 7, 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLS's number for this recall is Z46.
NHTSA Campaign #23V411000Reported: 08/06/2023

ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING

Summary: Chrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2014-2019 Ram 1500 and 2014-2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee vehicles equipped with 3.0L Diesel engines. The crankshaft position sensor tone wheel may delaminate, causing the engine to lose its ability to synchronize the fuel injector pulses and cam shaft timing, possibly resulting in an engine stall.

Safety Consequence: An engine stall can increase the risk of a crash.
Manufacturer Remedy: Dealers will update the powertrain control module software to maintain vehicle propulsion, free of charge. Interim notification letters, notifying owners of the safety risk, were mailed August 3, 2023. Some owner notification letters were mailed October 31, 2023. The remaining owner notification letters will be mailed at a future date, anticipated July 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 66A. This recall is an expansion of recall 20V-475.

Pre-Purchase Inspection Checklist for 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee

Before purchasing a used 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee, perform the following targeted inspections based on reported federal defect patterns:

1. Cold Start & Idle Diagnostics

Scan the OBD-II port under the dash for pending freeze-frame codes (e.g. P0300 misfires, P0087 fuel rail pressure, P0420 catalytic efficiency).

2. Transmission Shift Quality Audit

Test vehicle at low-speed stop-and-go and highway merges. Check for delayed reverse engagement or gear shift shudder between 2nd and 3rd gears.

3. Federal Recall Completion Check

Verify that all 10 NHTSA safety recall campaigns have been performed by an authorized dealership using the VIN.

4. Electrical & Infotainment Drain Check

Ensure the instrument cluster, center screen, and auxiliary charging ports operate with stable 12.0V–14.4V alternator voltage.

Frequently Answered Questions

Defect & Reliability Q&A: 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee

Is the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee a reliable used car?

The 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee earns a 2.8/10 MazicBay Reliability Index based on 1353 federal owner reports. Vehicles maintained under factory service schedules exhibit strong longevity past 150,000 miles.

What is the most frequent defect reported on the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee?

The leading complaint category is Transmission Hesitation, Hard Shifting & Slipping Reports, with a median failure point around 49,000 miles (IQR: 13,62562,000 mi).

Are there free recall repairs available for the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee?

Yes, the NHTSA records 10 safety recall campaign(s) for this model year. All safety recalls are performed 100% free of charge by authorized franchise dealerships regardless of vehicle warranty status.